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Don't be fooled! ESO 580-49, may seem tranquil and unassuming, but this spiral galaxy actually displays some explosive tendencies. In October of 2011, a cataclysmic burst of high-energy gamma-ray radiation – known as a gamma-ray burst, or GRB – was detected coming from the region of sky containing ESO 580-49. Astronomers believe that the galaxy was the host of the GRB, given that the chance of a coincidental alignment between the two is roughly 1 in 10 million. At a distance of around 185 million light-years from Earth, it was the second-closest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected.
Gamma-ray bursts are among the brightest events in the cosmos, occasionally outshining the combined gamma-ray output of the entire observable Universe for a few seconds. The exact cause of the GRB that probably occurred within this galaxy, catalogued as GRB 111005A, remains a mystery. Several events are known to lead to GRBs, but none of these explanations appear to fit the bill in this case. Astronomers have therefore suggested that ESO 580-49 hosted a new type of GRB explosion – one that has not yet been characterised.
Image Credit: ESA/Hubble and NASA
Image enhancement: Jean-Baptiste Faure
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